Othello - debating the rationale of why Iago betrayed him and try to Essay

Othello - debating the rationale of why Iago betrayed him and try to argue a justification for it - Essay Example Perhaps for this reason, the earlier play is generally viewed as one of the playwrights lesser achievements despite its successful debut and significant modern restagings. Thereafter, Shakespeares relative emphasis on the revenge formula gradually diminishes. To be sure, the warring families in Romeo and Juliet fit the revenge motif, as does Antonys rabble-rousing speech against the conspirators in Julius Caesar. But by Hamlet, the heros interest in revenge becomes reified into artistic ornaments like the play-within-the-play entitled The Mousetrap. Thus, I agree with Judge Posner that Hamlet is "not really about revenge," though I am less certain that the "theme of maturing" bears heavily on the plot (Law 67). (2) My point is that revenge becomes less and less insistent in Shakespearean tragedy until in Timon of Athens the hero does no bloodletting at all. Othello is among those mature tragedies transcending vengeance even while representing brutal retribution. Othello commits rash deeds that precipitate the tragedy in a way that the revenge formula cannot comprehend, however bloody the results--and they are indeed bloody (Othello). Therefore, Iago’s betrayal was not justifiable because in this play, it was necessary to explain how society works with corruption Some people like Iago believe people should not express what they feel for another person because he thought Othello’s judgment was clouded by him being in love. His way of thinking may stem from his hatred of women and would explain the murder he committed. This forced him to betray Othello so that he would focus on politics more than his personal relationship. Iago’s murder of Emilia could also stem from the general hatred of women that he displays. Some readers have suggested that Iago’s true, underlying motive for persecuting Othello is his homosexual love for the general. He certainly seems to take great pleasure in preventing Othello from enjoying marital happiness, and he

My role as an Officer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My role as an Officer - Essay Example I also have been trained to specialize in operating maritime vehicles; this is not something that every Warrant Officer will be responsible for, however each will specialize in some field such as with aircraft, special units and equipment, organized tasks and other events. I have been trained to specialize in maritime vehicles because so many other roles within the Army are not so focused; Army personnel are generally trained in a little of every aspect of the entire organization and it is my job and the job of other Warrant Officers to take the lead on tasks that require a deeper knowledge base. Another important part of my job is to function as a teacher for other Army personnel. I possess the skills to train a variety of personnel in general studies as well as to help recruits who have been chosen to specialize get their studies underway. It is up to me to share my own knowledge of how the Army is organized and how each person fulfills a role within that framework so that every new recruit understands their function and what they are responsible for within the larger unit. As a Junior Warrant Officer, I was involved more in the day-to-day tasks of my unit; dealing with machinery and exercises.

Forehead Lipoma Case Study

Forehead Lipoma Case Study ABSTRACT The lipoma is a relatively rare maxillofacial tumor, although it occurs with considerable frequency in other areas, particularly in the subcutaneous tissues of the neck. Lipomas are common benign soft tissue neoplasms of mature adipose tissue. They have been known to grow to large sizes causing masticatory and speech difficulties. The usual lesions consist of a well circumscribed, lobulated mass of mature fat cells. In other situations the covering mucosa becomes ulcerated and presents a diagnostic dilemma and seldom occurs in the younger age group. We present a case of forehead lipoma affecting 52 year old male patient. KEY WORDS – Lipoma , forehead , surgery INTRODUCTION Lipomas are benign tumors of mesenchymal origin consisting of mature fat cells which usually are involved by a thin fibrous capsule(1) . There are several forms and dimensions of this condition depending on location or evolution time which may cause orofacial deformity in some patients.( 2) Etiology of lipoma remains uncertain, even after pointing endocrine changes and heritance factors as possible causes. It is known that lipomas are mainly present in the fifth and sixth decade of life, being rarely found during childhood .(3,4) Lipoma’s are also seen in intra oral sites such as in lips, tongue, palate, buccal vestibule, floor of the mouth and parotid region(1,3) . Incisional or excisional biopsy can be done in these cases. Yellow coloration of lipoma should be observed as well as fluctuation of the lesion. This lesion will be on the liquid surface due to its lower density than a fixer solution(5,6-8). The treatment of lipomas is surgical removal. The recurrence is rare (1) a nd there is no reported malignant transformation (6) . Although, growth of lipoma is usually limited, it can grow to large proportions which can interfere in the speech, mastication, that reinforce the necessity to realize a surgical removal.(7,8) The present study aims to show a rare case of forehead lipoma in the maxillofacial region. CASE REPORT A 52 year old male reported to the Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery with the chief complaint of swelling in the forehead region which patient noticed 1 year back which had been gradually increasing initially but reported rapid growth since 1 month. On examination , a well defined 2 x 2 cm swelling was noticed in the forehead region on the right side just above the right eyebrow (Fig. 1). The skin over the swelling was stretched. No lymph nodes were palpable. On palpation, swelling was soft , fluctuant , non tender , mobile and the margins were slippery under the palpating finger. The swelling was non-pulsatile. The provisional diagnosis of lipoma was established. A differential diagnosis of dermoid cyst was excluded by negative aspiration . Routine blood investigations were carried out and were normal to plan an excisional biopsy under Local Anesthesia . Local anesthetic with adrenaline was infiltrated at the periphery of the lesion. Incision was then given along the crease in forehead to achieve better esthetic closure , crossing the swelling at its greatest bulge. Lesion was then slowly dissected out with the capsule in toto (Fig 2). Hemostasis achieved and subcuticular sutures were given (Fig. 3 4) so that scar is aesthetically acceptable . Histopathology report revealed a capsulated lesion with numerous adipocytes with peripherally placed nuclei. Admixed collagenic streaks were also seen. The entire lesion was excised and no recurrence has been observed for the past 6 months and the patient is under regular follow up. DISCUSSION Lipoma is a benign slow growing neoplasm composed of mature fat cells. Lipomas in the oral cavity are rare. The most common locations of lipoma in the oral cavity have been reported to be in the buccal mucosa, a region abundant in fatty tissue, followed by tongue. The hard palate has very little fatty tissue and the incidence of a lesion here is quite low. [9] Lipoma differs metabolically from the normal fat cells even though they are histologically similar. It has been shown that the fat of lipoma is not used for energy production during starvation period, as it happens with normal adipose tissue, their lipid is not available for metabolism. Adipose tissue is present in two basic forms white fat and brown fat. The clinical features of lipoma vary according to their rate of growth, size, and location. The usual complaint is of a painless palpable esthetically unpleasant mass, and there is seldom dysfunction of an involved muscle. A characteristic feature is a change in consistency and form of many of these lesions during contraction of involved muscle. The tumor is soft and flat when the muscle is relaxed and becomes firm and more spherical when muscle contracts. The etiology varies from the differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal cells in fat tissue, cartilage, and bone to metaplasia of a preexisting lipoma. Mesenchymal cells are modified by systemic and local influences that range from local trauma to prolonged ischemia. [10] Occasionally, the lipoma may invade muscles or grow between them: the so-called infiltrating lipoma. Infiltrating lipoma is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm that characteristically infiltrates adjacent tissues and tends to recur after excision. This type of lipoma is extremely rare in the head and neck region , and its congenital type is rare. [11] Lipoma consist of mature fat cells arranged into lobules that are separated by septa of fibrous connective tissue (12). Liposarcoma is important in the differential diagnosis, because well differentiated liposarcoma often contains many areas of lipomatous tissue. Despite the close histological similarity to normal adipose tissue, lipomas, usually have chromosomal aberrations such as translocations involving 12q13-15, locus interstitial deletions of 13q, and rearrangements involving 8q11-13 locus. [13] The clinical differential diagnosis includes ranula, dermoid cyst, thyroglossal duct cyst, ectopic thyroid tissue, pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, angiolipoma, fibrolipoma and malignant lymphoma. The definitive diagnosis is made by means of microscopic examination which shows adult fat tissue cells embedded in a stroma of connective tissue and surrounded by a fibrous capsule. On some occasions lipoma of the buccal mucosa cannot be distinguished from a herniated buccal fat pad, except by the lack of a history of sudden onset after trauma. Lesions outside the oral cavity could show greater recurrence rates after surgical excision. CONCLUSION Lipomas found in the oral and maxillofacial region are rare and usually slow growing lesions. The clinical course is usually asymptomatic until they get larger in size. Most lipomas develop in the subcutaneous tissues but deeper tissues may be involved as well. Surgical excision is the main treatment for lipoma. The complete excision along with precautions to prevent damage to adjacent structures should be emphasized during the operation, which is the key factor in order to avoid recurrence with least morbidity.

Macbeth vs Scotland, PA Essay -- essays research papers fc

Macbeth: The thin line between tragedy and dark humor. William Shakespeare’s Macbeth has always been considered one of the literary worlds most celebrated tragedies. It is arguably the darkest and most gruesome of his plays. The protagonist, Macbeth, is the poster child for tragic hero, â€Å"a literary character who makes an error of judgment or has a fatal flaw that, combined with fate and external forces, brings on a tragedy† (www.dictionary.com). And until recently we were satisfied with that†¦ At the Cannes Film Festival in 2001, a low budget comedy was unveiled. It was called Scotland, PA. This film was written by a first-time director, Billy Morrissette, and depicts the familiar story in a surprisingly different form. The premise of the plot is held in tact but the setting is shifted several hundred years, to the 1970s. The characters’ names even remain familiar. The dialogue is contemporary English yet you can still recognize the similarities in conversation. Major themes from the original work – revenge, guilt, self doubt, fate, and prophecy still exist in this manipulated adaptation. â€Å"He (Morrissette) is able to make an interesting point about how the difference between tragedy and comedy is often how the material is viewed by the audience†.(Berardinelli) Prior to Morrissette’s Scotland, PA, Roman Polanski brought his adaptation of Macbeth (1971) to the silver screen. This more traditional adaptation follows the plays blueprint. The setting remains unchanged, as well as the plot and dialogue. This movie was made soon after a horrifically traumatic events in Polanski’s life, the heinous murder of his pregnant wife by members of the ‘Charlie Manson family’. The film may have been a therapeutic outlet for him. The extremely gory murder scenes may have been a result of his attempts to deal with his pain and show give insight into the horror that filled his life at the time. Polanski’s adaptation definitely added a horror flick tone with the gruesome portrayal of despicable violence. The most notable difference in the portrayal of Mac and Pat, in Scotland, PA versus the portrayal of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, in Macbeth, is the atrociousness, or lack of, with which we view them and their crimes. Mac and Pat seem to be less despicable than Macbeth and Lady Macbeth for several reasons. One key reason is the omission of the ordered murder of Macduff’s family ... ...ind their evil deed. Lady Macbeth is aware of her position as motivator, and even states in the play that she wishes she were a man so that she could carry out their plan herself. Even in Scotland, PA, Pat is continuously directing and instructing Mac in all of their actions pertaining to the murder and cover up. She tells Macbeth to get the safe combination, to stop him from escaping, and talks him through virtually the entire process. The major difference in the two works is presentation and context. This relates directly to the representation of the main characters. By keeping the premise but altering the way the course of events occurs gives the audience a different insight into the development and representation of the characters, particularly Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Both adaptations were very well done, particularly Scotland, PA. It shows that, with a little tweaking, comedy can be found in even the most bloody and tragic of stories. Works Cited: Dictionary.com. 2005, Lexico Publishing Group, LLC. 3/8/2005 . Macbeth [1971] – Review @ EOFFTV. 2000, 3/8/2005 . Phillips, Brian and Douthat, Ross. SparkNote on Macbeth. 9 Mar. 2005 . Review: Scotland, PA. 2002, 3/8/2005 .

The Need for External Acknowledgement

The Need for External Acknowledgement in Shakespearean King Lear â€Å"The impermanence of power and place. That man had it all, but only for a time. â€Å"l –James Baker In William Shakespearean King Lear, the dialog in the hovel between Lear and Edgar, disguised as the mad beggar Poor Tom, represents the pivotal moment in Learner's path to redemption through self-discovery. Learner's path to self-discovery begins when he experiences a psychological struggle over the loss of his royal sovereign power and the loss of his role as a father.Shakespeare hints at Learner's brewing identity crisis when Reagan clarifies that Learner's problem is not only his age, but also his self-identity. Reagan states: â€Å"Its the infirmity of his age, yet he hath ever but slenderer known himself† (1. 1. 294-5). Later Lear questions Kent in disguise as the servant Caucus. Lear states: â€Å"Dost thou know me, fellow' (1. 4. 26)? 2 Another hint of Learner's impending identity crisis com es when Goner† states: These dispositions, which of late transport you From what you rightly are. (1. 4. 213-4) The identity crisis becomes clear when later in Act 1, Lear states: Does any here know me?Why, this is not Lear. Who is it that can tell me who I am? (1. 4. 217-21) Friedman, Thomas. â€Å"Power is Fleeting, Baker Reflects,† The New York Times, February 2, 1990. Secretary of State James Baker describes his reaction to seeing a former White House Chief of Staff from a prior administration, walking alone on the street without any of the trappings of power. !2 Shakespeare, William. King Lear. In The Arden Shakespeare King Lear, New York: Bloomberg, 2014. All future references to the text of the play will refer to this edition by listing the (Act/scene/line numbers).As he divides his kingdom and abdicates his throne, Lear tries to maintain a sense of elf-identity despite being surrounded by a changing political and social environment. Eventually Lear slips into ma dness as he struggles with a crisis of identity. Lear cannot resolve his identity crisis until he relinquishes his old self and accepts a new concept of selfless. Examining Learner's dialog with Poor Tom, illuminates Shakespearean method of communicating to the audience how and why Lear resolves his identity crisis.More illuminating than considering Learner's identity crisis through standard literary critical analysis, one can better understand Learner's struggle through a philosophical lens. The philosophical ideas George Wilhelm Frederica Hedge's regarding the formation of selfless, helps explain how Shakespeare presents his theme of self- discovery in King Lear. Hegel contends that inwardness of selfless can only develop in an environment which includes external social interaction. 3 As Lear encounters the storm, he finds himself at the peak of his psychological struggle. The storm prepares Lear to face his identity crisis.When Lear seeks shelter from the storm in the hovel, he s till holds on to a vestige of his former identity. Through his conversation with Poor Tom, Lear eventually emerges from the hovel enlightened and transformed with a new self-identity. Thus, through a Hegelian lens, King Lear is a play about social interaction and human nature. Consistent with Hedge's philosophy regarding the formation of selfless, Poor Tom serves as the necessary external interaction which Lear requires to unify his internal and external selfless. This paper argues that Shakespeare uses Poor Tom's feint at madness as a means for Hegel, George Wilhelm Frederica. Phenomenology of Spirit,† The Norton Anthology of Theory & Criticism. 2nd deed. Deed. Vincent B. Letch, New York: Norton, 2010. P. 541 . Lear to come into knowledge which enables Lear to resolve his identity crisis. Additionally this paper extends the argument by stating that without any interaction with a person independent of the kings former court, Lear could not achieve a new self-identity. Hedge's Philosophy of Self-consciousness The philosophy of self-consciousness as expressed in Hedge's essay Phenomenology of Spirit helps clarify how Lear resolves his identity crisis.A brief description of Hedge's ideas on selfless explain the connection to Learner's self-discovery. Hegel asserts that, achieving solicitousness requires the acknowledgement of the internal selfless by an external other. Hegel states: â€Å"self-consciousness exists in and for itself when, and by the fact that, it so exists for another; that is, it exists only in being acknowledged. â€Å"4 In defining selfless as a two-step process, Hegel asserts that the self has an internal component consisting of a conception of selfless and an external component consisting of a recognition of that selfless by another person.Thus, Hegel asserts achieving and maintaining self- identity requires uniting the internal and external views of selfless into a singular self-identity. Hegel states: â€Å"the notion of this its u nity in its duplication. 5 The duplication of selfless stems from a struggle for â€Å"oneness† which forces an adaptation in self-identity. 6 Thus, Hegel contends the resolution of an identity crisis cannot take place solely in the mind of one individual. Resolving an identity crisis requires external feedback. 14 Hegel, â€Å"Phenomenology of Spirit,† The Norton Anthology of Theory & Criticism. . 541 . 15 16 Taking a Hegelian approach to Learner's identity crisis, Lear must interact with and receive acknowledgement from another person, whom Lear perceives as not having a connection to the Kings former selfless. As a disposed king, Learner's identity crisis mains linked to the void created when he loses the trappings of power associated with his roles as sovereign and father. Learner's loss of political and family identity, creates a crisis that pushes him psychologically into unknown territory.Although not considering Shakespeare through a Hegelian lens, William Fles h indirectly supports this view in arguing that Shakespeare had an interest in phenomenology. Flesh asserts: â€Å"In Shakespearean plays self-origination manifests itself most fully under the pressure of loss. â€Å"7 In order to resolve his identity crisis, Lear must break free from what he knows and embrace the unknown. The external feedback Lear receives prior to his interaction with Poor Tom, only reminds the disposed king of who he once was, not who he can now become.Lear needs a completely new external source of acknowledgment not linked to his former roles as king and father. Such an external source of acknowledgement offers Lear a means by which he can readjust his selfless. A readjustment that can only come about without a connection to his already internalized former self-identity. Lear needs an interaction which can provide a new frame of knowledge in order to develop an entirely new understanding of his self. A close examination of the play, reveals that Lear experien ces such an interaction through his dialog with Poor Tom. The Storm: Preparing Lear to Encounter Poor Tom 17 Flesh, William.Generosity and the Limits of Authority: Shakespeare, Herbert, Milton. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992. P. 87. By the time Lear meets Poor Tom, Shakespeare has already prepped Lear for his direct interaction with a representation of the common man from the lowest level within British society. In addition, Shakespeare provides the audience with a glimpse of Lear accepting an initial change in his selfless. The storm sets the stage for Learner's pivotal encounter with Poor Tom. The storm causes Lear to accept a deterioration or softening of his hardened selfless which he forged during his time wielding the power of an absolute monarch.Through the softening of his hardened selfless, Lear prepares to establish a new self-identity. During the storm, Lear comes to understand that as King of Britain, he ignored the daily struggles faced by the masses in Britain. In acknowledging the struggling masses, Lear takes a major step forward in acknowledging his own humanity and toward discovering his limits as a man. Only through his inward exploration, does Lear begin to find the self he was enable to experience as a king. As one can surmise, as king, Lear remained too focused on the hard calculated decisions of maintaining political power and wealth.But through the extremes of the storm, Learner's hardened selfless starts to soften. Initially Lear only feels sorry for himself and seeks revenge by challenging nature to destroy the entire world, but as the storm continues, Lear is able to develop empathy for others. In gaining the ability to express empathy, Lear opens himself to the community necessary to achieve self-discovery. Lear in stubbornness refuses to return to Gloucester home and enter back into investigation with his daughters. Kent tries in vain to let Lear, allow him to go back to his daughters and ask if Lear may reenter the home an d get out of the cold wet storm.Kent makes requests to Lear: Gracious my lord, hard by here is a hovel Some Friendship will it lend you ‘against the tempest Repose you there, while I to this hard house More harder than the stones whereof its raised Which even but now, demanding after you, Denied me to come in – return and force Their scanted courtesy. (3. 2. 61-7) Lear stands in the rain right near Gloucester home, but he refuses to return and work through his issues with his daughters. Even the Fool requests for Lear to be reasonable and go back to his daughters to get out of the cold rain of the storm.The Fool states: O, uncle, court holy water in a dry house is better than this rain-water out door. Good uncle, in and ask thy daughters blessing. Here's a night pities neither wise men nor fools (3. 2. 10-3) At this point in the play, Lear does not have the ability to be flexible to discuss the issue with his daughters. As king, Lear did not need to negotiate and compro mise. By holding on to a selflessness associated with power, Lear cannot act like a common man living in a community with others. By staying out in the storm, Lear isolates himself both physically and mentally.Shakespeare uses the storm to highlight Learner's inability to confront human nature resulting in Learner's inability to live amongst others. When Lear can no longer demand his wishes and force others to bend to his will, Lear storms off into an actual storm. Considering King Lear through a Hegelian lens, Learner's inability to thrive as a member of a community, stands clear as the reason why Lear struggles with an identity crisis. Without the social skills required to connect with an external other and gain acknowledgement for his new selfless, Lear is initially unable to readjust his self-identity.Initially facing the storm, Lear remains defiant. He refuses to acknowledge that his present place in the world, no longer reflects his personal perception of his place in the worl d. As an absolute monarch, Lear lived in a world that was not the reality of most men. Now as a deposed king, Lear must face the reality of the world as do ordinary men. Such an absolute change in his life gives a shock to Learner's mental stability. The storm represents a physical manifestation of the violent change taking place in his life. The storm represents the psychological storm raging in Learner's subconscious.As he protests against his loss of power and status, so does Lear protest its physical manifestation represented by the storm. In seeking revenge, Lear assumes a king like posture in ordering nature to do his bidding. Lear states: Blow winds and crack and crack your checks! Rage, blow! You cataracts and hurricanes, spout Till you have drench our steeples, drown the socks! Vault-courses of oak-cleaving thunderbolts, Singe my white head! And thou all shaking thunder, Strike flat the thick rotundity the world Crack nature's moulds, germens spill at once That make ungrate ful man! (3. 2. -9) Learner's voice remains constant in the manner by which he commands nature to act. Lear demonstrates that his actions are still driven by his self-identity as a powerful man capable of and in the habit of issuing commands and being obeyed. At this point in the play, Learner's voice provides insight into his social interaction. Lear lacks the ability to interact well with others as he still considers himself as retaining the power of an absolute monarch. As if he were still king, Lear expects his communication with others to be relatively one sided and in his favor. In this key passage (3. . -9), Lear reveals the frustration of his identity crisis. He asks the gods for a natural disaster to make society pay for the injustice he suffers under the mistreatment of his daughters. Near the end of the passage, Lear strikes more directly at woman in venting his anger with Reagan and Generic. In using the term â€Å"thick rotundity,† Lear describes the world as a p regnant woman. 8 In using â€Å"nature's moulds,† Lear describes a woman's womb. Here Lear displays his misogynistic attitude which does not highlight his rage toward mankind, but actually highlights his anger toward his daughters.Learner's rage toward his starters reinforces that his selfless remains trapped in the same position he was at the beginning of the play. Trapped in a selfless linked to his identity as a powerful king and father, Lear seeks revenge for the threat to this self-identity. Lear seeks revenge against Reagan and Generic for his decline in power and their rejection of him as their aged father. Lear states: I am a man More sinned against than sinning. (3. 2. 58-9) Learner's rage reveals that he is not yet a broken man. His over-the-top language clearly communicates his delusion as to the grand position which he still believes that he olds.Lear clearly states that he wants Reagan and Generic to feel his wrath. Lear states: â€Å"l will punish home† ( 3. 4. 16). At this point in the play, what does not happen to Lear is a shift in his self-identity. A shift which his new political and family situations actually necessitate. Without an adjustment in self-identity, Lear feels himself falling into madness. Lear states: â€Å"My wits begin to turn† (3. 2. 68). What happens to Lear is a slide into madness as he fixates on his mistreatment at the hands of Reagan and Generic.Without a shift in self-identity Lear broods over the perceived injustice of hat Reagan and Generic have done to him, and he loses touch with reality. Lear states: O, Reagan, Generic, Your old, kind father, whose frank heart gave you all! 8 263. Editor's note: Fakes, R. A. , deed. , The Arden Shakespeare: King Lear, New York: Bloomberg, 2014, p. O, that way madness lies (3. 4. 19-21) As the storm continues, Learner's hardened selfless softens. In trying to stave off madness, Lear shifts his focus away from his desire for retribution against Reagan and Gonerâ € .No longer fixated on his desire for vengeance against his daughters, Lear finally speaks of the common people in England. Lear shifts his focus from his psychological offering to his physical suffering. His physical suffering breaks down his hardened resolve to maintain his selfless unchanged by recent events. Lear states: Poor naked wretches, wherefore's you are, That bide the pelting of this pitiless storm, How shall your housefuls heads and unfed sides Your looped and windowed raggedness, defend you From seasons such as these? (3. 4. 28-32) Cold and wet, Lear experiences the suffering and pains of the commoners first hand.His physical suffering forces Lear to think beyond himself and feel sympathy for others. Instead of seeking retribution against his daughters, now Lear thinks of his rime in ignoring the harsh plight of his subjects. In a true moment of introspection Lear faults his tenure as king. Removed from the people he ruled, Lear focused more on courtly endeavors th an humanity. Lear states: O' I have eaten Too little care of this. (3. 4. 32-3) When focused on revenge, Learner's thinks from a perspective of self-centered desire. When Lear concludes he did not govern well as king, he thinks from a perspective of compassion and a sense of community.Shakespeare has Lear come to understand the â€Å"poor naked wretches,† to prepare Lear for his encounter with Poor Tom. In exposing Lear to the suffering of humans when tripped away of all protection of civilization, Lear can know understand Poor Tom and develop a kinship with Poor Tom. Lear states: Expose thyself to feel what wretches feel, That thou Mays shake the superglue to them And show the heavens more Just. (3. 4. 34-6) Without Learner's enlightenment regarding the â€Å"poor naked wretches,† Lear would not be able to develop a community with Poor Tom.The first step in preparing for an adjustment in selectivity requires a willingness to seek community. Lear cannot receive externa l acknowledgement for a new self-identity without first developing an openness to community. In feeling the pain of the cold storm, Lear engages his senses that all humans have in common. In connecting with his basic human senses, Lear becomes more open to enter into a community with an external other. From a Hegelian approach the storm clearly prepares Lear to adjust his self-identity. Before the storm, Learner's hardened self-identity remained focused on his self-interest.As a powerful king all Lear focused on was maintaining and wielding power. Before the storm the former king remains rigid in holding onto his self-identity associated with power. At the start of the storm a zeal for revenge represents the only emotion which Lear can summon. In discovering he was remiss in not caring for his common subjects, Lear softens and opens himself to an adjustment in his self-identity. By the end of the storm, Lear can now display the emotions of empathy and guilt. Lear is now a less rigid character and assumes a range of flexibility with his emotions.Shakespeare uses the storm not as a moment of rebirth for Learner's personality, but as a moment of psychological breakdown. Only through breaking down his strong self- identity could Shakespeare prepare the character to finally resolve his identity crisis. Following Learner's feting in the storm, Lear engages Poor Tom from a more malleable psychological state than the Lear who argued with Reagan and Goner†. Inside the Hovel: Establishing a Community Inside the hovel, Lear interacts with a person he considers his equal. Lear finds himself on par with Poor Tom.Unlike the Fool, whom Lear considers one of the trappings of his former power, Lear perceives Poor Tom as a psychologically troubled person Just like himself. In identifying with Poor Tom, Lear can finally gain the knowledge to free himself from constriction of his former conception of selfless. Lear redefines himself by his own humanity rather than by his fo rmer wealth, status, and privilege. Poor Tom replaces the Fool as the foil to Learner's outward conversations with himself. Shakespeare uses these conversations as a means for allowing the audience access to the psychological struggle taking place inside the mind of Lear.In other words, the drama within a drama which plays out in Learner's self-conscious. The dialog between Lear and Poor Tom in the hovel does little to move the plot forward other than resolving Learner's identity crisis. While he does not link King Lear to Hedge's hilltop's on selfless, literary critic James Carney does support this point when he asserts: â€Å"Shakespeare gives us a scene-? completely unmotivated in terms of its significance to the plot-?in which Lear responds viscerally to his exposure to the laterality of the other person. 9 Only through Poor Tom's madness, does Lear find what he perceives as an external equal to provide acknowledgment for Learner's newly formed internal definition of selfless. 19 Kerrey, James. â€Å"Phenomenology and Ethics â€Å"This is above all strangeness†: King Lear, Ethics, and the Phenomenology of Recognition† in Criticism, Summer 2012, Volvo. 54, No. 3, p. 457. But, can Lear, in his own state of madness, recognize Poor Tom as a madman and consider Poor Tom his equal from who he can gain knowledge? Professor R. A. Folks, of UCLA, contends that Edger's disguise as a mad beggar does not influence Learner's interaction with Poor Tom.In his introduction to The Arden Shakespeare King Lear, Folks argues: â€Å"Edger's masquerade as the possessed Poor Tom is pretty much confined to one scene, and has little or no effect on the mad Lear, who sees him as a ‘learned Thebes†10 (102). I reject Folklore's argument based on Learner's initial perception of Poor Tom as being driven to madness by the neglect of his daughters. While Lear does not consider Poor Tom as possessed by the devil, he does perceive Poor Tom as psychologically tro ubled. Lear states: â€Å"Didst thou give all to thy two daughters? And art thou come to this† (3. 4. 48-9).In first seeing Poor Tom as a suffering creature shivering in the hovel without clothes, Lear projects his own problems and madness onto Poor Tom. In my view, Folks overlooks the value placed on Learner's first assessment of Tom as a madman Just like himself. In his unity of effort, Shakespeare intentionally has Lear first bond with Poor Tom as one madman to another madman. Only through bonding on some level of equality an Lear become open to gaining knowledge from Poor Tom. One critic even argues that in his suffering as an outcast, the disguised Edgar may also suffer an identity crisis propelling him into madness.Emollient Bell argues that Edger's â€Å"assumed madness becomes indistinguishable from the frantic despair to which he has been driven. â€Å"al As the former king, Lear must find a manner in which to Fakes, R. A. , deed. , â€Å"Introduction† in Th e Arden Shakespeare: King Lear, New York: Bloomberg, 2014, Bell, Emollient. â€Å"Naked Lear,† in Raritan, Spring 2004, Volvo 23, No 4, up. 55-70. P. 102. Connect with Poor Tom as a wise man. Before Lear can philosophize with Poor Tom, Lear first must consider Poor Tom as an equal. In finding an equal, Lear can end his self-imposed solitude and enter into a community.Through a community Lear can finally end his identity crisis by gaining external acceptance for his selfless. In encountering a near naked man, Lear finds himself connected to Poor Tom's base humanity. Poor Tom represents the true nature of humanity stripped down to the essential. Poor Tom represents the image of Lear stripped away of all the trappings of wealth and power which he had known while he was king. After his experience in he storm, Lear can identify with Poor Tom as a â€Å"poor naked wretch. † During his time in the hovel, Lear refers to Poor Tom as the â€Å"thing itself† (3. . 104). Le ar refers to Poor Tom as representative of human poverty. In his perception of Poor Tom as humankind without the varnish of society, Lear finds the common ground which allows him to establish a community with Poor Tom. A key aspect to Poor Tom representing humanity in a base form is the connection of Poor Tom to nature. Shakespeare hints at Poor Tom's strong connection to nature early in the play. When Edmund discusses how â€Å"planetary influence† explains his evil tendencies, he ascribes himself using the attributes of a mad beggar (1. 2. 125).Edmund states: â€Å"My cue is villainous melancholy, with a sigh like Tom bedlam† (1. 2. 135-6). By linking the mad beggar with astrology, Shakespeare indirectly hints at a link between Poor Tom and nature. When Edgar describes how he will disguise himself, the description invokes images of an animal. Edgar states: To take the barest and most poorest shape That ever penury in contempt of man Brought near beast. My face I'll g rime in filth, Blanket my loins, elf all my hair in knots†¦ (2. 2. 178-80) When Poor Tom describes the eating of small prey, he describes himself as an animal.He states: â€Å"Poor Tom eats the swimming frog, the toad, the tadpole, the wall- newt† (3. 4. 125-6). Linking Poor Tom to nature reinforces the character as a representation of humankind at a base level without the comforts of society. After experiencing the storm, Lear finds the unvarnished truth of the human condition in Poor Tom's unvarnished appearance and vulnerable existence. Poor Tom serves as a mirror by which Lear can see his own interpretation of the world. In further defining his initial perception of Poor Tom, Lear states: Have his daughters brought him to this pass?

Classification Essay

Chris Owens Professor McCrary EN130 29 October 2012 Types of NFL Head Coaches Many people think that NFL Head Coaches are just the ones in charge of the team, and call the plays on game days. There are many styles that different Head Coaches have – Players Coach, Motivator, Strategist, and Team Builder – these styles need to be recognized. Most fans think that the HC is the leader, and tries to set their team up to be successful. Certain coaches use different styles that they implement into their coaching, and that’s how they get things done with their teams.Many of the styles are similar in some instances, but very different in other ways. Player Coaches are able to look at the players and the game from a different perspective, because the coach was in the players shoes at one point an time. He knows how relate to players better than some other coaches, when it comes to getting the job done and going through the grind of the season. Coaches like Herm Edwards and Mike Singletary are good examples of player coaches. Players’ see the coach as someone who has experience as a player, and that he really knows what he’s talking about when he is instructing.Players tend to have a little bit more respect for player coaches, especially when it’s their first time getting that HC job. Player coaches ten to be very charismatic and up beat when it comes to getting their players ready for the game. Another very charismatic and passionate leader is the Motivator coaching style. This type of really knows how to inspire the team and get them on the right track to be successful. John Madden and Vince Lombardi are two legendary coaches that were great motivators and lead their teams to multiple Super Bowls.Players enjoy playing for a great motivating coach. Motivational coaches tend to land those big time free agents and are able to keep the stars that are already playing for him happy. Coaches with this style tend to get the most out of the players performance and have them performing at a high level on Sundays. They are known to be great speakers, and always have that inspirational pre-game speech to get the team ready greatness. On the other hand, great motivational coaches may not always have the greatest game plan for a game.Motivators sometimes just hope that their players are better than the other team on that given day. The third coaching style relies less on the hoo-rah of the game and inspiration of players. This style relies more on out-smarting his opponent by being more strategic. The Strategist is a brilliant tactician, and looks at the football field like a chessboard. The Strategist coach is always trying to evolve his game plan and always wants to put his players in the best situations to win games. Strategists are always thinking of new ways to progress player and own abilities.Bill Walsh and Tom Landry are two legendary Strategist head coaches. They came up with totally different styles of offense that changed the game of football forever. Strategist coaches know how to build up their young players and keeping his veteran players at the top of their game. However, being the smartest coach doesn’t always lead to wins if you don’t have the right players or the ability to motivate them. Coaches must try to be men of different hats to be successful head coaches in the NFL. This last coaching style takes traits from all of the previous coaching styles discussed.The Team Builder coach usually comes into a situation where the team isn’t that good and trying build their team to be very competitive again. Team building coaches are almost part scout and part general manager when it comes to running their team. Team building coaches are always looking for that next stud college player or that big time free agent to add to their team’s talent level. Bill Walsh and Joe Gibbs are examples of great team building coaches, that have took teams from worst to first. Once a Team Building coach gets their personnel together, they must be able to progress his players and inspire them to be great.If that can be done the sky is the limit. Although each Head Coach may have a different style of how they want run their team. If their style is a Player’s Coach, Motivator, Strategist, or Team Builder; in the end, their goal is for their teams to be great and to become Super bowl Champions. Not many people know of the different styles that different head coaches bring to the table, and that has to be recognized by the fans. Football is a team game, and when you put the right coach with the right assistants and players. It’s no telling how far that team will go.